Current Photovoltaic Research ISSN:2288-3274(Print) 2508-125X(Online)

This study examines the impact of bird droppings on the performance of floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems, with a focus on a case study conducted at the Marine Research Floating Photovoltaic (FPV) test-bed, installed in 2021 at Saemangeum, a seawater lake in South Korea. The FPV system was developed in collaboration with K-Water, a water resource management agency, for the purpose of establishing marine solar power facilities. During the research, environmental characteristics of the installation site led to the emergence of bird droppings as a significant issue, particularly due to the presence of seagulls and migratory birds, which pose a major challenge to the optimal operation of FPV systems. In bird-prone areas, these birds frequently utilize FPV sites as resting or sheltering locations. The deposition of bird droppings on FPV modules can severely affect energy efficiency, increase maintenance requirements, and compromise long-term system performance. The accumulation of droppings leads to shading, which reduces light absorption and consequently results in power output degradation. In some cases, this can also cause the formation of hotspots, which may accelerate the degradation of the modules. Moreover, the high uric acid content of bird droppings can damage the mechanical components of the photovoltaic system. This research investigates the effects of bird droppings on FPV module performance through on-site generation analysis. The study also explores various maintenance strategies and bird deterrence methods aimed at minimizing the impact of droppings and optimizing energy production. Practical solutions, such as robotic cleaning systems and bird-repelling technologies, are assessed for their effectiveness and feasibility in mitigating the adverse effects of bird activity. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into enhancing the sustainable operation of FPV systems, offering recommendations for improving maintenance efficiency and reducing performance losses associated with avian interference.