All Issue

2025 Vol.13, Issue 2 Preview Page
Tin-Lead Perovskite Solar Cells Incorporating Tin-Lead Perovskite Quantum Dots for Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance

주석-납 양자점을 활용한 주석-납 페로브스카이트 태양전지의 효율 향상 기술

ChaeEun Lee1†
,
Dohun Baek1†
,
Hyemi Na1
,
Min Kim1*
이 채은1†
,
백 도훈1†
,
나 혜미1
,
김 민1*
1School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
1화학공학부, 전북대학교, 전주, 54896
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
*Corresponding Author
30 June 2025. pp. 77-82
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells have garnered significant attention as a next-generation photovoltaic technology due to their ideal bandgap, reduced toxicity, and high efficiency. However, issues such as tin oxidation and interfacial defects between the perovskite and electron transport layers (ETLs) hinder their performance and stability. In this study, Sn-Pb perovskite quantum dots (QDs) were introduced as surface passivation layers to address these challenges. The QDs were applied onto the perovskite layer and subsequently treated with isopropanol (IPA) to control the layer thickness and remove surface ligands. This approach effectively optimized the interfacial structure, reduced defect density, and suppressed tin oxidation, leading to decreased leakage current and a notable increase in open-circuit voltage (Voc). Characterization techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM, confirmed that QD treatment did not alter the structural integrity or bandgap of the perovskite films. Dark current analysis revealed a reduction in J0​, and photovoltaic measurements demonstrated an improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 16.2% for the control device to 20.4% for the QD-treated device. These results underscore the effectiveness of QD-based surface passivation in enhancing both the efficiency and stability of Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells.

Keywords
Tin-Lead perovskite
Quantum dots
Solar cells
Interlayer
Power conversion efficiency
References
1

J. Burschka, N. Pellet, S.-J. Moon, R. Humphry-Baker, P. Gao, M. K. Nazeeruddin, M. Grätzel, Sequential deposition as a route to high-performance perovskite-sensitized solar cells, Nature. 499, 316-319 (2013).

10.1038/nature1234023842493
2

Y. Yang, J. Wu, X. Wang, Q. Guo, X. Liu, W. Sun, Y. Wei, Y. Huang, Z. Lan, M. Huang, J. Lin, H. Chen, Z. Wei, Suppressing vacancy defects and grain boundaries via ostwald ripening for high‐performance and stable perovskite solar cells, Adv. Mater. 32, 1904347 (2020).

10.1002/adma.20190434731880354
3

J. Park, J. Kim, H.-S. Yun, M. J. Paik, E. Noh, H. J. Mun, M. G. Kim, T. J. Shin, S. I. Seok, Controlled growth of perovskite layers with volatile alkylammonium chlorides, Nature. 616, 724-730 (2023).

10.1038/s41586-023-05825-y36796426
4

G. E. Eperon, S. D. Stranks, C. Menelaou, M. B. Johnston, L. M. Herz, H. J. Snaith, Formamidinium lead trihalide: a broadly tunable perovskite for efficient planar heterojunction solar cells, Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 982 (2014).

10.1039/c3ee43822h
5

S. Hu, K. Otsuka, R. Murdey, T. Nakamura, M. A. Truong, T. Yamada, T. Handa, K. Matsuda, K. Nakano, A. Sato, K. Marumoto, K. Tajima, Y. Kanemitsu, A. Wakamiya, Optimized carrier extraction at interfaces for 23.6% efficient tin-lead perovskite solar cells, Energy Environ. Sci. 15, 2096-2107 (2022).

10.1039/D2EE00288D
6

A. Alsulami, L. Lanzetta, L. Huerta Hernandez, D. Rosas Villalva, A. Sharma, S. P. Gonzalez Lopez, A.-H. Emwas, A. Yazmaciyan, F. Laquai, I. Yavuz, D. Baran, Triiodide formation governs oxidation mechanism of tin-lead perovskite solar cells via a-site choice, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146, 22970-22981 (2024).

10.1021/jacs.4c0191939120593
7

D. Ramirez, K. Schutt, Z. Wang, A. J. Pearson, E. Ruggeri, H. J. Snaith, S. D. Stranks, F. Jaramillo, Layered mixed tin-lead hybrid perovskite solar cells with high stability, ACS Energy Lett. 3, 2246-2251 (2018).

10.1021/acsenergylett.8b01411
8

T. Mahmoudi, W.-Y. Rho, M. Kohan, Y. H. Im, S. Mathur, Y.-B. Hahn, Suppression of Sn2+/Sn4+ oxidation in tin-based perovskite solar cells with graphene-tin quantum dots composites in active layer, Nano Energy. 90, 106495 (2021).

10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106495
9

H. Na, M. Qiang Li, J. Cha, S. Kim, H. Jin, D. Baek, M. Kim, S. Sim, M. Lee, M. Kim, J. Lim, J. Lee, M. Kim, Passivating detrimental grain boundaries in perovskite films with strongly interacting polymer for achieving high-efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells, Appl. Surf. Sci. 626, 157209 (2023).

10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.157209
10

A. Mehta, J. Im, B. H. Kim, H. Min, R. Nie, S. I. Seok, Stabilization of lead-tin-alloyed inorganic-organic halide perovskite quantum dots, ACS Nano. 12, 12129-12139 (2018).

10.1021/acsnano.8b0547830525444
11

F. Liu, C. Ding, Y. Zhang, T. S. Ripolles, T. Kamisaka, T. Toyoda, S. Hayase, T. Minemoto, K. Yoshino, S. Dai, M. Yanagida, H. Noguchi, Q. Shen, Colloidal synthesis of air-stable alloyed CsSn1-xPbxI3 perovskite nanocrystals for use in solar cells, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 16708-16719 (2017).

10.1021/jacs.7b0862829091445
12

A. Goyal, S. McKechnie, D. Pashov, W. Tumas, M. Van Schilfgaarde, V. Stevanović, Origin of pronounced nonlinear band gap behavior in lead-tin hybrid perovskite alloys, Chem. Mater. 30, 3920-3928 (2018).

10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01695
13

M. A. Mubarok, Y. J. Kim, I. F. Imran, J. H. Hwang, S. H. Lee, H. J. Seog, S. K. Kwak, S. Y. Jang, Regulating the quantum dots integration to improve the performance of tin-lead perovskite solar cells, Adv. Energy Mater. 14, 2304276 (2024).

10.1002/aenm.202304276
14

J. Zhao, Z. Su, J. Pascual, H. Wu, H. Wang, M. H. Aldamasy, Z. Zhou, C. Wang, G. Li, Z. Li, X. Gao, C. S. Hsu, M. Li, Suppressed defects by functional thermally cross‐linked fullerene for high‐efficiency tin‐lead perovskite solar cells, Adv. Mater. 36, 2406246 (2024).

10.1002/adma.20240624639032067
15

S. Gu, R. Lin, Q. Han, Y. Gao, H. Tan, J. Zhu, Tin and mixed lead-tin halide perovskite solar cells: progress and their application in tandem solar cells, Adv. Mater. 32, 1907392 (2020).

10.1002/adma.20190739232053273
16

Q. Chen, J. Luo, R. He, H. Lai, S. Ren, Y. Jiang, Z. Wan, W. Wang, X. Hao, Y. Wang, J. Zhang, I. Constantinou, C. Wang, L. Wu, F. Fu, D. Zhao, Unveiling roles of tin fluoride additives in high‐efficiency low‐bandgap mixed tin‐lead perovskite solar cells, Adv. Energy Mater. 11, 2101045 (2021).

10.1142/12009
17

X. Jiang, F. Wang, Q. Wei, H. Li, Y. Shang, W. Zhou, C. Wang, P. Cheng, Q. Chen, L. Chen, Z. Ning, Ultra-high open-circuit voltage of tin perovskite solar cells via an electron transporting layer design, Nat. Commun. 11, 1245 (2020).

10.1038/s41467-020-15078-232144245PMC7060347
Information
  • Publisher :Korea Photovoltaic Society
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국태양광발전학회
  • Journal Title :Current Photovoltaic Research
  • Volume : 13
  • No :2
  • Pages :77-82
  • Received Date : 2024-12-06
  • Revised Date : 2025-01-29
  • Accepted Date : 2025-02-06
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.21218/CPR.2025.13.2.077
Journal Informaiton Current Photovoltaic Research Current Photovoltaic Research
Online Submission
  • NRF
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • crosscheck
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close